Impact of leadership quality on employee retention

Effect of administration quality on representative maintenance Administration and connections assume a key job in hierarchical achievement. The methodology of better than subordinates decides the nature of relationship. This tone of connection between them either positive or negative has a solid state in the achievement or disappointment of the association. In spite of the fact that the target of either, on hierarchical and representative view is normal, yet the human methodology from the top decides the maintenance of workers separated from other fundamental needs as referenced by Maslow. The style embraced by administrators in associations is probably going to have sway with the presentation of workers. In the current days were the nature of workforce has improved complex, the act of Authoritative or Autocratic style would bring about retreat and not in progress. It would prompt pressure and result in burnout in representatives point of view and to business low quality creation or less creation prompts wearing down of experienced workers. Initiative is the ability of an individual to lead and impact others. A pioneer is an individual who has authority characteristics, or the person who leads. Robert Tannebaum subsequently, characterized administration as relational impact practiced in a circumstance and coordinated through the correspondence procedure, towards the fulfillment of a particular objective or objectives. The conduct or the administration style, a prevalent receives may significantly decide the direction of the subordinates. As, how an administrator has desires for his subordinates, so too the subordinates anticipate that their boss should carry on in certain way. It is essential for each administrator to accommodate his conduct inside the desire level of his subordinates and bosses for a sound adjusted relationship. Today the shortage isn't on the effectiveness yet on how well one can impact others in completing the quality work. Bombing which, will cause non-co-activity coming about damage, hardwork or unidentification brings about absence of intrigue and losing interest results low creation, turning the association debilitated and prompts higher steady loss rate. In this way, the supervisor is an individual who sets out on the significance of human qualities and feelings. His significance in the association doesn't just lies on the execution of the approaches of the administration yet inturn ought to comprehend the representatives acknowledgment for their agreeable workplace. Not considering the significance on representative maintenance will leave the association in holding workers of just routine aptitudes and lose individuals with abilities. Supervisors could improve consistency standards by making agreeable workplace for the spurring representatives. The ranges of abilities of representatives in the ongoing days are huge. To how best these ranges of abilities could be used from the representatives to support the associations development is a serious testing task for the supervisor. There are occurrences where the representatives demonstrate themselves to be more proficient than the director. In this manner diagramming the objective and actualizing the work towards the objective, from the representatives perview isn't at all a troublesome errand. As an administrator, the duties depends in distinguishing the representatives and appointing the work dependent on the ranges of abilities and causing them to feel calm in the workplace. With this commencement it is vital for him to explore, if the channel of work is mitigating and human qualities are associated in a solid manner. The teaching of authoritative qualities and dependability is transcendent as a pioneer chief. A worker in an association isn't a financial specialist of money yet of proficiency. Representatives contain the most indispensable resources of the organization. He expects remuneration for his commitment and not a benefit share. His fulfillment on pay and suitable workplace is a persuading factor for the hierarchical development. The supervisors intercession during the hour of burdens would cause them to feel recognized and feel their quality needing to the association. This demeanor of, willing representatives would make the workplace positive towards the improvement of the association. This idea of willing worker and agreeable pioneer is the days request in each association. For accessibility of unbounded assets and advancement, the driving operational power is the supernatural wand of the positive social methodology by the chiefs. The adjustments in the readiness to exist with the business and solace capacity of the directors would bring about maintenance. Willing Employee and awkward Leader Separation Avoidance Leads to absence of work update Inspite of hardwork exertion unrecognized, feel detached and lose confidence Assets never uncovered work arranging unimaginable Needs association ideal work endures Wrong translation by peers contempt towards the representative Worker Burn Out loss of positive assets Reluctant representative and Uncomfortable pioneer Control utilizes negatives in an undesirable manner for the org.growth Less beneficial stay unnoticed Makes groupism attempt to prevail upon the larger part sequestered from everything the imperfections Authoritative clash question of industrys presence Requirement for Organizational change and advancement in the two angles. Reluctant representative and agreeable pioneer Control discovers cause and attempt to amend activity Less gainful persuade via preparing and advancement to turn out to be increasingly beneficial Makes groupism comprehend the reason for groupism and calls forward for the Representative redressal discussion Hierarchical clash recognize the necessary intercessions for finding an answer Willing representative and agreeable pioneer High qualities regard Excellent inspiration Needs satisfied guarantees hierarchical long haul development Expanded creation with less evaluation dismissal Congenial any burdens learnt and mutually discovers ways what's more, implies for amendment Uplifting mentality added obligation to help the gathering viably Better relationship among representatives work arranged effectively and target fixed with commonsense chance Creative hierarchical development extension In a work place where representatives can't utilize their maximum capacity and not heard and esteemed, they are probably going to leave in view of pressure and disappointment while in a straightforward situation the workers get a feeling of accomplishment and belongingness from a sound workplace by which , the organization is profited with a more grounded, dependable work-power, holding splendid new thoughts for its development. Initiative Makes a Difference The style followed by each director incorporate the representatives on different perspectives like employment fulfillment, high creation, quality , accomplishing the objective, less dismissal, work contribution. It is comprehended from the previous investigations that the administration style matters for work maintenance. Ã ¢-Â ª After 20 years of examination and 60,000 post employment surveys, the Saratoga Institute reports that 80% of turnover is straightforwardly identified with unsuitable associations with ones chief. Ã ¢-Â ª According to an ongoing Gallup Organization investigation of around 1 million laborers, the main explanation individuals exit their positions is a direct result of awful supervisors. Ã ¢-Â ª Another ongoing Gallup study discovered ineffectively oversaw workgroups are a normal of 50 percent less gainful and 44 percent less beneficial than very much oversaw gatherings. Ã ¢-Â ª.A end came to by Roger Herman is that 3/4 of individuals deliberately leaving employments dont quit their occupations; they quit their supervisors. (Herman, Roger. Winning the War for Talent. The ASTD Trends Watch: The Forces That Shape Workplace Performance and Improvement. American Society for Training And Development, pp. 23-32, 1999, p. 28) Blake moutons administrative framework hypothesis decides an administrators leadersipstyle on two conduct viewpoints, i.e., on its anxiety for individuals and worry for creation. The previous forms better agreement in workplace while the last work towards the authoritative objective. In his authority style of Team Management he stresses the pioneer to have worry for high creation and high individuals concern. As indicated by him, these pioneers pressure creation needs and the requirements of the individuals similarly profoundly. The reason here is that representatives are associated with understanding hierarchical reason and deciding creation needs. At the point when workers are focused on, and have a stake in the associations achievement, their requirements and creation needs harmonize. This makes a group domain dependent on trust and regard, which prompts high fulfillment and inspiration and, therefore, high creation. The fulfillment level of workers decides the understanding/conflict with their pioneer dependent on his style and approach. This methodology has a solid state in rating the degree of worker maintenance. The pioneer assumes a key job in worker maintenance and maintenance the executives. The pioneer is the principle factor in what persuades people groups choice to remain or leave. For associations to keep its key representatives their main need ought to be to take a gander at their administration, since individuals leave administrators and not organizations. Attributes in a pioneer that are of prime significance are trust manufacturer, regard developer, communicator, ability designer and mentor, and ability discoverer. The pioneers connection to the workers assumes a focal job in holding representatives. Building rich maintenance begins from the principal day of business. Organisationss standpoint: Guaranteeing right occupation to a perfect individual. The need of the activity, planning the errands, obligations, and desire from the activity and position. Direction on associations objectives and qualities. Causing the physical and social condition to feel good by presentation, backing and preparing programs. Lucidity of occupation. Any activity ought to be a piece of the entirety. The help to be saught for the fruition of the errand and the help to be given to the vestige of the assignment. Being available to proposals and giving criticism. Ideal thanks and redresses will assemble better rappor

Attribution Theory Essay

No animal in this planet can practice the staff of reason as much as we human people do. As balanced creatures, we ordinarily participate in a variety of exercises which require basic reasoning or keen thought. At any rate for the individuals who are lucky to be talented with ordinary real capacities, it is proverbial to assume that we human people are required to put motivation to everything that we do. For example, we don't wake up at two toward the beginning of the day and plan to go to class essentially for reasons unknown at all. In a way, the workforce of human explanation permits us to get things done because of some sensible purposes. The manner in which we bode well or put motivation to nearly everything that encompasses us makes us, more than all else, human people by right of rationale and notion.  â â â â â â â â â â Reading through the article â€Å"The Attribution Theory†, I am ready to considerably more attest the principal inclination of human motivation to look for clarification of things. In that I had the option to discover that the hypothesis of Attribution draws from the fundamental assumption that human explanation so normally will in general look for clarification to things. This, from multiple points of view, is complicatedly sewn to the rationale underneath the standard of causality, which fundamentally expect that our psyches make a decent attempt to catch for adequate clarifications to assist us with understanding everything that occurs. The hypothesis of Attribution is no less extraordinary in that, similar to the guideline of causality, it also attempts to look for a sufficient clarification of things. Taking everything into account, it can empower us to look into the apparently voracious want of human people to look for clarification for things.  â â â â â â â â â â Secondly, the article additionally caused me to acknowledge how intense, nay, ground-breaking human explanation can turn into. In the article, it refers to various investigations that were done as such as exhibit the viability of the hypothesis. The mainline proposition is to show that the hypothesis of Attribution, particularly when it is inside fortified, can create conduct changes to an individual or gatherings of people. The article even notes that when individuals will in general property certain occasions as straightforwardly coming from their own association, it produces critical conduct changes. When for example, an individual is over and over acquainted with the thought, state, that their high evaluations are owing to the careful yet praiseworthy exertion he immerses his examinations, it makes an individual conviction framework that seem to take into account such fortifications. This implies an individual who can grasp a conviction that their endeavors work well for the person in question in the process will ordinarily get propelled to concentrate on their own. This showcases, more than all else, the intensity of human motivation to make an interpretation of individual conviction frameworks into unmistakable personal conduct standards.  â â â â â â â â â â But perusing the article likewise caused me to feel somewhat careful too. On the off chance that through the hypothesis of Attribution we can make individuals â€Å"create new mentalities or convictions or practices relying on the clarification they make†, at that point it benefits us to continue with much consideration in fortifying convictions on them (The Attribution Theory). Unquestionably, we can't permit individuals to contemplate themselves, particularly on issues which may include outrage, melancholy, blame, among others. As without a doubt, we can't let individuals accept that some deplorable minutes throughout everyday life, which can occur outside our ability to control, are inside owing to their doings in any case. On the off chance that we genuinely need to make an enabled individual by applying the hypothesis of Attribution, at that point it is just advocated that we should instill encouraging comments on to everybody in order to make positive roads for conduct changes. Along a similar vein, we should consistently help shield individuals from making a beast out of inward conviction frameworks, which, on the last investigation, can inevitably, nay just mean sick natured and appalling practices. Work Cited â€Å"The Theory of Attribution†, SBB: 1996. Recovered 10 September 2008,  â â â â â â â â â â <http://www.as.wvu.edu/~sbb/comm221/sections/attrib.htm> Â

A Hypothetical New School

In the post-current information society, the job of the school in the training of the young is paramount.â Education ought to build up the all encompassing individual through the usage of an instructive program in the school.Among the assistant administrations of school, the library is straightforwardly identified with the procurement of information, aptitudes and perspectives, which are imperative to building up the youth’s possibilities for a useful enrollment in his society.â This paper proposes a library configuration regarding its essential highlights contained in the instructive way of thinking of a speculative school.New School Library PhilosophyIn the comprehensive training of an understudy, a school tries to build up the entire individual made out of brain, heart, body, and spirit.â The school library thus proposed will be given to the achievement of the fundamental vision of teaching the adolescent to be an all encompassing individual prevailed by his profound knowledge with a moral still, small voice that can manage his in living as a practical individual from societyâ€local and international.With an unrivaled otherworldly insight, an all encompassing individual can create and use the various parts of his character, psyche, body, and heart since the soul impacts all these aspects.â Spiritual knowledge is â€Å"the direction of each of the three other intelligences,† (Latumahina, 2007.)â Spiritual insight can be created â€Å"through making and keeping guarantees, instructing and complying with your inner voice, and posing inquiries yourself and living the answers.†Spiritual Intelligence and the Library. The school library in this proposed will give extraordinary chances to building up the otherworldly knowledge of its clients.â The working and learning condition is of incredible emphasis.The library staff will be pervaded with sympathetic and caring perspectives towards the school and the outside community.â More over, the library staff will be made out of exceptionally prepared experts in the conveyance of administrations to the understudies, educators, school representatives and outside clients.They will work for and with those customers, in this way, making the school library an assistance focal point of the school.â Working intimately with the demographic additionally creates and uses their profound insight, which they give to the students.â The staff will subsequently be â€Å"servicing workers† as well as â€Å"instructing librarians.†Beyond the physical area of the library, the staff will render network administration with the understudies, instructors and chairmen, along these lines, making them a basic piece of the school and community.The school library stresses administration to its customer base and the community.â It will concentrate on administration learning. It will advance moral, city, and scholarly development through learning ventures. These undertaking s will carry the school to the community.â Students, educators, and parent volunteers will take an interest in perusing ventures where instructors, managers, curators, guardians and understudies read so anyone can hear to the community.Projects like these will help school network individuals, understudies, instructors, guardians, and different residents find guiding principle they share practically speaking, and they will learn collaboration, dynamic aptitudes, and methodologies for executing successful assistance learning ventures. These ventures will empower understudies to secure collaboration and dynamic aptitudes just as methodologies for action.The library materials will be made out of books, diaries, magazines, electronic media and others that will be helpful for creating information, abilities and mentalities which are essential to life and career.â They will impact the improvement of brain, body, heart, and spirit.The library assortments will uniformly address the neces sities of the understudies in learning the fundamental sciences, social examinations, humanities, expressions, dialects and technology.â Interactive electronic materials will be particularly dedicated to the advancement of basic show of manners, morals, values and morality.â Multicultural training will be given accentuation in the choice of understanding materials and intelligent materials in the social studies.Ethics and the New School.â â â â In understanding the vision of teaching the all encompassing individual, the strategic the new school, in this way, puts accentuation on the advancement of the moral inner voice of the understudies, in this way unfurling their profound intelligence.This will be acknowledged by fusing morals and profound quality as an incorporated part of the school curriculum.â Ethics and profound quality guide the person in being and turning into a practical individual from society.â Foremost, the individual defines his objectives in life regard ing the all-encompassing objectives of society, which is quiet concurrence and living with the remainder of humankind †a principle element of multicultural education.Goal-accomplishment is guided by a moral soul toward to resistance for different societies and social orders just as care for the environment.â The new school encourages resilience through the caring and caring qualities and perspectives of its managers, educators and employees.The school library will be at the front line of the administration arranged school staff.â The custodians and other library laborers will set models in the advancement of otherworldly intelligence.â Every staff part will be an instructional model of morals and morality.A delicate, adoring, and caring demeanor will be emanated by each specialist rendering administrations to the clients.â It is by cultivating a library situation which serves and cares that the morals of resilience and conjunction will be instructed to the students.â It will instruct by example.Primary Purpose of Education at the New School.â â â â Self-upgrade, accordingly, will be the primary reason for which the school’s instructive program will be planned and implemented.â It is accepted that each individual is experiencing the educative procedure as she lives in the public eye with all applicable social establishments sustaining and supporting his.But the new school will upgrade that training through transformation.â Transformative training will, subsequently, be the sign of the new school.â It will attempt to give each conceivable chance to the unfurling of the possibilities of the person for a productive and compensating life went through with the remainder of the network of humanity.

How to Get Your Essay Started

How to Get Your Essay Started Starting an essay is the most difficult activity that students face in their academic career. Students have the tendency to procrastinate in completing their essay writing assignments simply because they think they have more time than they actually do. How to get your essay started is probably the most recurring question on a student’s mind. The essay writing process should be as smooth as possible so that the student writer is motivated to develop the essay fully. First, it is important to read and understand all the essay requirements before beginning. Having the guidelines and requirements at hand enables one to be cognizant of the number of words required and the type of research to be undertaken, as well as determining who targeted audience is. Before writing the essay, it is important to establish a writing schedule. Lengthy custom essays have a myriad of requirements that are all assessed by the evaluator. Students who fail to adhere to these instructions often find themselves with low grades even if the content of the paper is great. To jump-start the essay writing process, one is expected to not only understand the paper requirements but also to employ critical thinking skills. Think about each question and determine what is expected at the completion of the paper. The essay writing process includes a schedule for completing each step and an outline of what one plans to write. Basically, a good essay begins with a brief idea of what the topic encompasses. The topic may be broad, and so it is narrowed down and the purpose of the essay expressed as a thesis statement. The introductory paragraph states the paper’s theme and may mention the main points, as well. Writers are expected not to provide details in the first paragraph. Instead, the body of the paragraph will state the main points again and provide supporting details and elaboration. In addition, correct choice of words and vivid explanations make the essay interesting. Furthermore, extensive research on the topic and generation of new concepts and insight adds value to the essay. Good essays always provide the strengths and weaknesses of various viewpoints related to the issue at hand. This allows the reader to understand both sides of an issue objectively. Before writing, it is necessary to gather all the relevant sources on the essay topic. Recently published articles and journals are often the best sources to use in essay writing. Developing several drafts makes it easier to correct mistakes and to add value in terms of new ideas and concepts. The process of writing a quality essay takes time; therefore, students are advised to begin the paper as soon as it is assigned. However, students who find the essay writing process too demanding always have the option of outsourcing to essay writers online from credible paper writing service institutions. Even so, these students are expected to understand the requirements for the specific essay they need writers to complete for them. Regardless of who writes the paper or the purpose of the paper, certain components are needed for it to be considered well-written. It must contain a clear thesis statement and supporting details. These allow the reader to understand and accept the writer’s position. Additionally, the flow and clarity of ideas is dependent upon the development of an outline. If ideas and concepts are arranged in a logical manner, then the paper will appear coherent. As a result, the reader is more likely not only to understand the paper but to also enjoy reading it. Feel free to get professional essay writing help from academic writers at AdvancedWriters.com!

The Coriolis Force An Overview

The Coriolis force describes the ...of all free-moving objects, including wind, to deflect to the right of their path of motion in the Northern Hemisphere (and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere).  Because the Coriolis effect is an  apparent  motion (dependent on the position of the observer), it isnt the easiest thing to visualize the effect on  planetary scale  winds.  Through this tutorial, you will gain an understanding of the reason winds are deflected to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. The History To begin, the Coriolis effect was named after Gaspard Gustave de Coriolis who first described the phenomenon in 1835. Winds blow as a result of a difference in pressure. This is known as the pressure gradient force. Think of it this way: If you squeeze a balloon at one end, the air automatically follows the path of least resistance and works towards an area of lower pressure. Release your grip and the air flows back to the area you (previously) squeezed. Air works in much the same way. In the atmosphere, high and low pressure centers mimic the squeezing done by your hands in the balloon example. The greater the difference between two areas of pressure, the higher the wind speed. Coriolis Make Veer to the Right Now, let’s imagine you are far away from the earth and you are observing a storm moving towards an area. Since you are not connected to the ground in any way, you are observing the rotation of the earth as an outsider. You see everything moving as a system as the earth travels around at a speed of approximately 1070 mph (1670 km/hr) at the equator. You would notice no change in the direction of the storm. The storm would appear to travel in a straight line. However, on the ground, you are traveling at the same speed as the planet, and you are going to see the storm from another perspective. This is due largely to the fact that the rotational speed of the earth depends on your latitude. To find the rotational speed where you live, take the cosine of your latitude, and multiply it by the speed at the equator, or go to the Ask an Astrophysicist site for a more detailed explanation. For our purposes, you basically need to know that objects on the equator travel faster and farther in a day than objects at higher or lower latitudes. Now, imagine that you are hovering exactly over the North Pole in space. The rotation of the earth, as seen from the vantage point of the North Pole, is counterclockwise. If you were to throw a ball to an observer at a latitude of about 60 degrees North on a non-rotating earth, the ball would travel in a straight line to be caught by a friend. However, since the earth is rotating underneath you, the ball you throw would miss your target because the earth is rotating your friend away from you! Keep in mind, the ball is STILL traveling in a straight line - but the force of rotation makes it appear that the ball is being deflected to the right. Coriolis Southern Hemisphere The opposite is true in the Southern Hemisphere. Imagine standing at the South Pole and seeing the rotation of the earth. The earth would appear to rotate in a clockwise direction. If you don’t believe it, try taking a ball and spinning it on a string. Attach a small ball to a string of about 2 feet in length.Spin the ball counterclockwise above your head and look up.Although you are spinning the ball counterclockwise and DID NOT change direction, by looking up at the ball it appears to be going clockwise from the center point!Repeat the process by looking down at the ball. Notice the change? In fact, spin direction does not change, but it appears to have changed. In the southern Hemisphere, the observer throwing a ball to a friend would see the ball being deflected to the left. Again, remember that the ball is in fact traveling in a straight line. If we use the same example again, imagine now that your friend has moved farther away. Since the earth is roughly spherical, the equatorial region must travel a greater distance in the same 24 hour period than an area of higher latitude. The speed, then, of the equatorial region is greater. A number of weather events owe their movement to the Coriolis force, including: the counter-clockwise spin of low pressure areas (in the Northern Hemisphere)   Updated by Tiffany Means

Essay about Cultural Studies 1st Exam - 1573 Words

Cultural Studies First Examination Due September 28th by Midnight Name ___________________________________________________________ Part One: Identifications (Write the correct terminology or name in the space provided by each statement. Some terms may not be used. Anthropology Human Race Orthopraxy Arbitrariness Informants Paralanguage Christianity Language Phonology Cultural Hybridization Language Family Pidgin Culture Language Ideology Priests Diachronic Langue Primatologists Dogma Linguistic Competence Revitalization Enculturation Linguistic Performance Secularism Fieldwork Monograph Shaman Fundamentalist Multisited Fieldwork Sociolinguistics Holistic New Religious Movement†¦show more content†¦_____________________________22. Term meaning sets of learned behaviors and ideas that human beings acquire as members of society. _____________________________23. The idea of mixing and reconfiguring of elements from different cultural traditions is acknowledged and even celebrated. _____________________________24. Individuals who people believed have the power to contact powerful cosmic beings directly on behalf of others, sometimes traveling to the cosmic realm to communicate with them. _____________________________25. The beliefs and practices about language that are linked to struggles between social groups with different interests and that are regularly revealed in what people say and how they say it. Part Two: Multiple Choices ___1. Anthropologists who study the factors that contribute to human disease or illness as well as the ways in which human groups respond to them. a. Biological Anthropologists b. Medical Anthropologists c. Cultural Anthropologists d.Show MoreRelatedEssay about Distant Education: Online Learning1565 Words   |  7 Pagesespecially for the high school students. 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Miss Yamaguchi has earlier experience of setting up two start-ups in cross-cultural configurations. 6. Design and development team which will be contracted through small company called Ryoichi in Tokyo, Japan will be responsible for the design of the autonomous vehicles. 7. Human resources department. 8. Safety health

The Search For Self Identity free essay sample

During adolescence and sometimes even to late adulthood, people are searching for their identity, a relatively clear and stable sense of who one is and what one stands for (Weiten Lloyd, 2006). Identity formation is the central task of adolescence, according to Erik Eriksons’s theory of psychosocial development (Bernstein, 2008). Erikson believed that identity emerges from an identity crisis, which is the phase when one attempts to develop a self-image as a unique person by using knowledge from childhood. Based off of Erikson’s work, James Marcia formed the four identity statuses of identity development: identity diffusion, identity foreclosure, identity moratorium, and identity achievement (Oswalt). In J. D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye, the protagonist Holden Caulfield struggles as he attempts to find his identity. Holden bests reflects Marcia’s theory of identity development. Marcia’s theory states that there are four different statuses of identity development but people do not necessarily go through all four in any specific order or achieve all four statuses; each status represents the stage of the adolescent’s progress in regards of his/her identity development. We will write a custom essay sample on The Search For Self Identity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Identity diffusion is when there is an absence of struggle for identity. The youth shows no interest/concern in exploring or committing to a specific identity. He/she have not shown any regards of his/her identity and have yet to establish any life goals. Adolescents in the foreclosure status do not question the values and beliefs they have been taught and obtain their identity by accepting the beliefs and values taught by their family, community, and culture. In other words, they accept the identity assigned to them. In this status, adolescents show high degree of commitment but a low degree of exploration. In the moratorium status, youths display a high degree of exploration but a low degree of commitment. They are questioning and experimenting with different values, beliefs, and goals. However, they have not made any commitments about to any beliefs and values or chosen any principles to live by. The last identity status is identity achievement where there are both a high degree of exploration and commitment. This status is achieved by active exploration and a strong commitment to a specific set of values, beliefs, and life goals. At this status, the youth has decided what values and goals are important to him/her, is able to prioritize what is important to him/her, and have already thought through all the possibilities of who he/she want to be. Holden Caulfield holds the status of identity diffusion, where he has no interest in exploring who he is or committing to anything. His very name, Hold-On-Caul-field is play on word. Caul is a membrane that covers the head of a fetus during birth, so his name symbolizes Holden’s refusal to grow up; he is desperately holding onto â€Å"innocence† and childhood. Holden shows his lack of ability to commit from his records of constant expulsion from various prestigious boarding schools. He is extremely harsh and judgmental on other people, calling them â€Å"phony† or fake however, this is just Holden own insecurities about himself. He doesn’t know who he is or what he wants which causes him to be extremely distraught and judgmental about others. Even his younger sister, Phoebe accuses him â€Å"You don’t like anything that’s happening† (Salinger, p169). Phoebe understands that growing up is a necessary process and despite being six years younger than Holden, she is angry with his refusal to grow up. When Holden visits Mr. Antolini, one of Holden’s former teachers, the teacher tells him â€Å" once you have a fair idea where you want to go, your first move will be to apply yourself in school† (p189). Mr. Antolini, too recognizes Holden’s inability to commit himself which leads to Holden’s unsuccessfulness. Erikson believed that people followed a specific path while developing their identity: trust vs. mistrust (infancy), autonomy vs. shame (early childhood), initiatives vs. guilt (mid childhood), competence vs. inferiority (elementary school), identity vs. role confusion (adolescence), intimacy vs.  isolation (young adulthood), generativity vs. stagnation (mid adulthood), integrity vs. despair (late adulthood). However, Erikson’s theory of development does not take into account of any trauma or unusual circumstances that may occur hence why Holden does not follow Erikson’s theory. During Holden’s late childhood, his younger brother passed away, leaving a deep scar on Holden. Unable to cope with the lost of his brother, Holden is stuck in the identity diffusion status and will be unable to achieve any other status until he is able to let go of his brother.